Cuts

Bleeding can usually be stopped by applying pressure to the cut with a clean handkerchief for up to 2 or 3 minutes. Apply a plaster dressing firmly, bringing the edges of the cut together so that it heals quickly. Keep it dry for 1 to 2 days. If the cut is deep and the edges can not be pulled together with a dressing go the casualty department. A tetanus injection may be needed.

Grazes

Any dirt must be cleaned out carefully with an antiseptic solution. After cleaning leave the graze uncovered. Dressing should only be applied if the graze might become dirty or to prevent it being rubbed by clothing.

Insect Bites and Stings

Wasps - Apply vinegar to neutralise the sting as soon as possible.
Bees - Scrape away the sting and apply a little bicarbonate of soda solution as soon as possible.

Generally - Keep an antihistamine cream or tablets in the house to use when necessary (and particularly if travelling abroad) to soothe itch and soreness.

Sprains

Apply a cold compress containing ice if possible for 15 to 30 minutes to reduce swelling and discomfort. Apply a firm bandage to the ankle and elevate the leg. Rest in the early stages is important but once the pain has subsided early mobilisation and gentle exercise ensure a quick return to normality.

Nose Bleeds

Sit in a chair leaning forward with your mouth open and pinch the soft part of your nose for 10 minutes without letting go. This should stop the bleeding. Repeat for a further 10 to 20 minutes if bleeding continues. Do not try to blow your nose or clean the blood from the inside of your nose once the bleeding has stopped.

Bruises

Bruises are very common in children. They normally get better in 7 to 10 days. If a child gets up at once after a fall and moves about normally, it is unlikely that a bone has been broken but the child may be stiff the next day because of bruising. Severe bruising can be treated by rest for 24 to 48 hours. In the case of a badly bruised leg the limb should be raised. A cold compress may ease a bad bruise if applied at once.

Burns and Scalds

Run cold water over the burnt area until the pain subsides (this may take 15 minutes). If the area becomes blistered keep it clean and dry and do not burst the blisters. If the burn is more than a few inches across or if the skin is broken, consult your doctor or the casualty department at the hospital as soon as possible.

Immunisation

Soreness at the site of the injection and a mild fever for 24 hours afterwards are common and usually settle without any treatment.

Sunburn

Avoid exposure to strong sun and use a good sunscreen with a good protection factor, especially for children. Otherwise treat as burns and drink plenty of fluid.